The literature of the Tang Dynasty flourished and produced many captivating poems with distinct styles that have endured through the ages. Numerous talented poets emerged during this period, including well-known figures like Li Bai, Du Fu, Wang Wei, Bai Juyi, and Li Shangyin, among countless others. People have given them various elegant titles based on their poetic styles. How many of these poets' titles do you know? Let me briefly list a few.
" Immortal Poet " Li Bai
Li Bai's poetry embodies a spirit of positive romanticism. This form of romanticism does not refer to love but rather to works rich in strong emotions, imagination, and sensibility, advocating for a return to nature. His poetry is bold and uninhibited, filled with unique imagery and deep feelings. In "Viewing the Lushan Waterfall," he uses exaggeration and metaphor to compare the cascading waterfall to the Milky Way pouring down from the heavens, showcasing the waterfall's grandeur and reflecting Li Bai's romantic poetic style. Thus, the Tang poet He Zhizhang, after reading Li Bai's work, exclaimed, "You are a celestial being exiled to the human world!" Hence, later generations respectfully referred to Li Bai as the " Immortal Poet."
"Poet-Sage" and "Poet-Historian” Du Fu
In contrast to Li Bai, Du Fu's poetry is rich in realism. He lived during a tumultuous time when the Tang Dynasty was transitioning from prosperity to decline. Although he aspired to achieve great things in the officialdom, he faced obstacles in his career and could not realize his ideals. Simultaneously, due to the political corruption of the time, he lived in poverty and hardship. His poetry authentically reflects reality and is infused with a noble spirit of love for his country and concern for the people; thus, he is known as the "Poet Sage." Additionally, his works depict the living conditions of the people during the chaotic times of the Tang Dynasty, reflecting the era and chronicling historical facts, which is why he also earned the title of "Poet Historian."
“Buddha of Poetry” Wang Wei
Wang Wei was a devout Buddhist, and his poetry often incorporates Buddhist thoughts and concepts, earning him the title "Poet Buddha." He loved to write landscape and pastoral poetry, and his works are described as "poems that contain paintings." Through his depictions, the serene and clear natural beauty seems to leap from the text, allowing readers to experience tranquility and beauty, while also incorporating Zen principles, providing a unique insight.
It is precisely because of the differing styles, worldviews, and values of these poets that we can enjoy a variety of poems and gain insight into the environment and inner worlds of the poets of that time. If you wish to explore more ancient Chinese poetry and prose, including modern essays, you can enrich your literary knowledge at Chinese Master. This month, there are even works by Li Bai available for reading and practice!